1. 创建线程   

1.1 通过构造函数:public Thread(Runnable target, String name){}  或:public Thread(Runnable target){}
示例:
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new MyThread(), "mythread");<br/>
class MyThread extends Thread(){<br/>
        public void run(){<br/>
             System.out.println("My First Thread');<br/>
        }<br/>
}
1.2 直接实现Runnable接口:
示例:
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable{}{<br/>
         public void run(){<br/>
                  System.out.println("This is my thread.");<br/>
          }<br/>
});
 
2. 运行线程   
thead1.start()    
 
3. sleep
try{<br/>
    #休眠1000ms<br/>
    Thread.sleep(1000);<br/>
}catch(InterruptedException e){<br/>
    e.printStackTrace();<br/>
}
 
4. getName() 获取线程名字, getId()获取线程id
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “:”+ Thread.currentThread().getId);
 
5. 停止线程,
千万不用stop(),stop会立即终止线程。
通过interrupt()中断线程,但是中断并没有停止线程,配合异常来实现:

public class Main {<br/>
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {<br/>
      try{<br/>
          Thread thread1=new Thread(new TheThread(),"thread1");<br/>
          thread1.start();<br/>
          Thread.sleep(2000);<br/>
          thread1.interrupt();<br/>
      }catch (InterruptedException e){<br/>
                  e.printStackTrace();<br/>
       }<br/>
   }<br/>
}<br/>
   class TheThread extends Thread{<br/>
     public void run() {<br/>
        super.run();<br/>
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {<br/>
           if(this.interrupted()){<br/>
              break;<br/>
        }<br/>
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);<br/>
     }<br/>
   }<br/>
}

注意,如果在TheThread类里加入catch InterruptException的话,可能会导致interrupt被捕获,而绕过if(this.interrupted())的判断而无法终止线程。

6. 等待和通知        
线程等待:当前线程就处于等待状态,直到其他线程调用了notify()方法,线程才会继续执行
public final void wait() throws InterruptedException
线程通知:
public final native void notify()

注意:在notify()方法后,当前线程不会马上释放该对象锁,要等到执行notify()方法的线程将程序执行完,也就是退出同步代码块中。

 package wait.notify;

 public class ThreadWaitNotifyTest {<br/>
     final static Object object=new Object();<br/>
     public static class T1 extends Thread{<br/>
         public void run(){<br/>
             System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 start");<br/>
             synchronized (object){<br/>
                 try {<br/>
                     System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 wait");<br/>
                     object.wait();<br/>
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {<br/>
                     e.printStackTrace();<br/>
                 }<br/>
             }<br/>
             System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 end");<br/>
         }<br/>
     }<br/>
     public static class T2 extends Thread{<br/>
         public void run(){<br/>
             System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T2 start");<br/>
             synchronized (object){<br/>
                 System.out.println("T2 synchonized code start.");<br/>
                 object.notify();<br/>
                 try {<br/>
                     Thread.sleep(2000);<br/>
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {<br/>
                     e.printStackTrace();<br/>
                 }finally{<br/>
                     System.out.println("T2 synchonized code end.");<br/>
                 }

             }<br/>
             try {<br/>
                 Thread.sleep(2000);<br/>
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {<br/>
                 e.printStackTrace();<br/>
             }<br/>
             System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T2 end");<br/>
         }<br/>
     }<br/>
     public static void main(String[] args){<br/>
         Thread thread1=new T1();<br/>
         Thread thread2=new T2();<br/>
         thread1.start();<br/>
         thread2.start();<br/>
     }<br/>
 }

输出结果:

Java多线程基础学习(一)

7. 线程优先级
高优先级的线程将会获得更多的CPU资源。一共分为10个优先级。
public final void setPriority(int newPriority)
 
源码分析:

public final void setPriority(int newPriority) {<br/>
        ThreadGroup g;<br/>
        checkAccess();<br/>
        if (newPriority > MAX_PRIORITY || newPriority < MIN_PRIORITY) {<br/>
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();<br/>
        }<br/>
        if((g = getThreadGroup()) != null) {<br/>
            if (newPriority > g.getMaxPriority()) {<br/>
                newPriority = g.getMaxPriority();<br/>
            }<br/>
            setPriority0(priority = newPriority);<br/>
        }<br/>
}
public final static int MIN_PRIORITY = 1;<br/>
public final static int NORM_PRIORITY = 5;<br/>
public final static int MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
可见线程最高优先级为10, 最低为1, 默认为5.
当设定的newPriority高于该线程组ThreadGroup的最高Priority时,只能分配该线程组的最高Priority
 
8. 守护线程
类似守护进程,Java存在两种线程:用户线程和守护线程。它是一种特殊线程,执行的是一种后台服务,当一个系统中不存在非守护线程的时候,守护线程会自己销毁。典型的守护线程:JVM的垃圾回收线程。
public final void setDaemon(boolean on)
 
示例:

public class Main {<br/>
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {<br/>
       TheThread theThread=new TheThread();<br/>
        theThread.setDaemon(true);//设置守护线程<br/>
        theThread.start();<br/>
        Thread.sleep(5000);<br/>
        System.out.println("全都退出啦");<br/>
    }<br/>
    public static class TheThread extends Thread{<br/>
        public void run(){<br/>
            int i = 0;<br/>
            while (true){<br/>
                i++;<br/>
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+":"+i);<br/>
                try {<br/>
                    Thread.sleep(2000);<br/>
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {<br/>
                    e.printStackTrace();<br/>
                }<br/>
            }<br/>
        }<br/>
    }<br/>
}
源码分析:
设置线程为用户线程(user thread)或守护线程(daemon thread),当剩余运行的线程均为守护线程时,JVM会退出。
 public final void setDaemon(boolean on) {<br/>
        checkAccess();<br/>
        if (isAlive()) {<br/>
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();<br/>
        }<br/>
        daemon = on;<br/>
    }
其中checkAccesss()方法如下:
 public final void checkAccess() {<br/>
        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();<br/>
        if (security != null) {<br/>
            security.checkAccess(this);<br/>
        }<br/>
    }
该方法用于判断当前运行的线程是否有修改此线程的权限。
而public final native boolean isAlive();用于判断该线程是否处于alive状态,即该线程是否已经start,且没有die。
当isAlive的话就会抛出IllegalThreadStateException异常。
所以,设置守护线程的方法,逻辑就是先判断当前线程是否有修改的权限,再判断是否处于alive状态,如果不处于alive状态,则根据boolean变量on的值更改它的状态,即true:设为daemon线程,false:设为user线程。